Corpus scope<\/p>\n
112 works by Plutarch<\/h3>\n\n- Covers both the Moralia<\/em> and the Parallel Lives<\/em>.<\/li>\n
- Includes 1,469 paragraph-level segments with metaphorical content.<\/li>\n
- Contains 1,787 annotated metaphorical mappings related to mind and cognition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/article>\n
\nDistribution<\/p>\n
Moralia and Lives<\/h3>\n\n- Moralia<\/em>: 1,455 mappings across 1,164 annotated segments.<\/li>\n
- Lives<\/em>: 332 mappings across 305 annotated segments.<\/li>\n
- Average density: 1.22 metaphor instances per annotated segment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/article>\n
\nAnnotation inventory<\/p>\n
Scenes and subframes<\/h3>\n\n- 609 distinct source scenes and 381 distinct target scenes.<\/li>\n
- 1,174 source subframes and 382 target subframes.<\/li>\n
- 2,345 source lexical units and 985 target lexical units.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Source corpus and selection<\/h2>\n\n\nResearch corpus<\/p>\n
Moralia and Lives together<\/h3>\n
The project was designed around Plutarch’s Moralia<\/em> and Parallel Lives<\/em>, rather than treating these bodies of work separately. This allows metaphorical patterns of cognition to be compared across ethical, biographical, political, philosophical, and literary contexts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nAuthenticity<\/p>\n
Working boundaries<\/h3>\n
The grant description defines the core source material as the generally authentic writings of the Moralia<\/em> together with the extant paired and unpaired Lives<\/em>. Spurious and fragmentary works are not treated as the immediate basis for corpus construction.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nCurrent dataset<\/p>\n
Annotated records<\/h3>\n
The numbers on this page describe the current Observatory dataset: the passages, mappings, scenes, subframes, and lexical units that have been coded and standardized for exploration. They should not be confused with a claim that every line of the project source corpus contains a coded metaphor.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Annotation model<\/h2>\n\n\nLevel 1<\/p>\n
Scenes<\/h3>\n
Scenes capture broad source-target mappings, such as CONTAINER → MIND<\/code> or DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>. They make it possible to compare recurring metaphor families across works.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nLevel 2<\/p>\n
Subframes<\/h3>\n
Subframes preserve the fine-grained structure of a metaphor in context. For example, a governance scene may involve source-side elements such as ruler, laws, obedience, conflict, or civic disorder.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nUnit of analysis<\/p>\n
Paragraph-level segments<\/h3>\n
The corpus uses paragraph-level segments anchored in Plutarch’s standard reference system. This gives enough context for extended and layered metaphors without detaching them from their textual setting.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Annotation workflow<\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\nPhase 1<\/span><\/p>\nFramework and coding fields<\/h4>\n
The team refined the metaphor framework on selected passages and translated theoretical questions into concrete annotation fields.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhases 2-3<\/span><\/p>\nIterative validation<\/h4>\n
Pilot annotation used two roles: “thinkers”, who developed conceptual interpretations, and “coders”, who translated those interpretations into structured records. Disagreements helped refine criteria.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhase 4<\/span><\/p>\nLarge-scale annotation<\/h4>\n
Coders annotated the remaining corpus, segmented passages, recorded source and target scenes, and documented lexical evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhases 5-6<\/span><\/p>\nStandardization and analysis<\/h4>\n
The team standardized scene and subframe labels, organized lexical units, checked consistency, and prepared the data for exploratory analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
What each record makes inspectable<\/h2>\n\n\nPassage context<\/p>\n
From pattern to Greek text<\/h3>\n
Each coded fragment is linked to its work and traditional paragraph numbering, allowing researchers to locate passages in standard editions and interpret them in context.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nMetaphor data<\/p>\n
Mappings and lexical evidence<\/h3>\n
Records expose source and target scenes, hierarchical scene paths, metaphor type, source and target lexical units, lemmata, and scene-internal subframes.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nScholarly transparency<\/p>\n
Notes and provenance<\/h3>\n
Coder notes and provenance remain visible so users can assess annotation decisions in context instead of relying only on abstract labels or aggregate counts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Quantitative overview<\/h2>\n\n\nFrequent targets<\/p>\n
Mind, reason, and mental states<\/h3>\n
The most frequent target scenes are MIND<\/code> (164), REASON<\/code> (120), BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code> (58), LEARNING<\/code> (56), and KNOWLEDGE<\/code> (51).<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nFrequent sources<\/p>\n
Container, disease, and formation<\/h3>\n
The most frequent source scenes are CONTAINER<\/code> (97), DISEASE<\/code> (70), MOULDING<\/code> (56), GOVERNANCE<\/code> (51), and LIGHT<\/code> (50).<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nCo-occurrence<\/p>\n
Recurring pairings<\/h3>\n
Common source-target pairings include CONTAINER → MIND<\/code>, DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>, and MOULDING → EDUCATION<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\nExploratory network analysis<\/h2>\n
The corpus can also be studied as a network in which scenes are nodes and annotated mappings are weighted edges. This makes it possible to identify conceptual hubs and communities of related metaphors. Initial analysis identifies six major communities, with MIND<\/code>, REASON<\/code>, CONTAINER<\/code>, DISEASE<\/code>, GOVERNANCE<\/code>, and MOULDING<\/code> functioning as important organizing nodes.<\/p>\nAccess and reuse<\/h2>\n\n\nWorks<\/p>\n
Work-first navigation<\/h3>\n
The Works module supports navigation by Plutarchan work, with work-level metadata, fragment counts, and stable links to specific fragments and metaphor records.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nMetaphor Explorer<\/p>\n
Scenes, filters, and passages<\/h3>\n
The Explorer lets users filter by source and target scenes, inspect distributions as tables and plots, and move directly from a pattern to its passages.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nLexical and catalogue search<\/p>\n
Forms, lemmata, and paths<\/h3>\n
Search supports coded lexical units, lemmata, subframes, metaphor type, scene paths, and glob-style patterns. Lemmatization and source evidence remain visible for philological checking.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
The dataset is also intended for machine-readable reuse. Quantitative views should be read as exploratory summaries: they improve transparency and help detect patterns, but interpretation still requires returning to the Greek passages and the annotation notes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Plutarch Observatory corpus is an annotated resource for studying metaphors of mind and cognition across Plutarch’s extant works. It links corpus-scale patterns to individual Greek passages, so researchers can move between distant reading, close reading, and historically sensitive interpretation. Corpus scope 112 works by Plutarch Covers both the Moralia and the Parallel Lives. Includes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":97,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions\/97"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Distribution<\/p>\n
Moralia and Lives<\/h3>\n\n- Moralia<\/em>: 1,455 mappings across 1,164 annotated segments.<\/li>\n
- Lives<\/em>: 332 mappings across 305 annotated segments.<\/li>\n
- Average density: 1.22 metaphor instances per annotated segment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/article>\n
\nAnnotation inventory<\/p>\n
Scenes and subframes<\/h3>\n\n- 609 distinct source scenes and 381 distinct target scenes.<\/li>\n
- 1,174 source subframes and 382 target subframes.<\/li>\n
- 2,345 source lexical units and 985 target lexical units.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Source corpus and selection<\/h2>\n\n\nResearch corpus<\/p>\n
Moralia and Lives together<\/h3>\n
The project was designed around Plutarch’s Moralia<\/em> and Parallel Lives<\/em>, rather than treating these bodies of work separately. This allows metaphorical patterns of cognition to be compared across ethical, biographical, political, philosophical, and literary contexts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nAuthenticity<\/p>\n
Working boundaries<\/h3>\n
The grant description defines the core source material as the generally authentic writings of the Moralia<\/em> together with the extant paired and unpaired Lives<\/em>. Spurious and fragmentary works are not treated as the immediate basis for corpus construction.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nCurrent dataset<\/p>\n
Annotated records<\/h3>\n
The numbers on this page describe the current Observatory dataset: the passages, mappings, scenes, subframes, and lexical units that have been coded and standardized for exploration. They should not be confused with a claim that every line of the project source corpus contains a coded metaphor.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Annotation model<\/h2>\n\n\nLevel 1<\/p>\n
Scenes<\/h3>\n
Scenes capture broad source-target mappings, such as CONTAINER → MIND<\/code> or DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>. They make it possible to compare recurring metaphor families across works.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nLevel 2<\/p>\n
Subframes<\/h3>\n
Subframes preserve the fine-grained structure of a metaphor in context. For example, a governance scene may involve source-side elements such as ruler, laws, obedience, conflict, or civic disorder.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nUnit of analysis<\/p>\n
Paragraph-level segments<\/h3>\n
The corpus uses paragraph-level segments anchored in Plutarch’s standard reference system. This gives enough context for extended and layered metaphors without detaching them from their textual setting.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Annotation workflow<\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\nPhase 1<\/span><\/p>\nFramework and coding fields<\/h4>\n
The team refined the metaphor framework on selected passages and translated theoretical questions into concrete annotation fields.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhases 2-3<\/span><\/p>\nIterative validation<\/h4>\n
Pilot annotation used two roles: “thinkers”, who developed conceptual interpretations, and “coders”, who translated those interpretations into structured records. Disagreements helped refine criteria.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhase 4<\/span><\/p>\nLarge-scale annotation<\/h4>\n
Coders annotated the remaining corpus, segmented passages, recorded source and target scenes, and documented lexical evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhases 5-6<\/span><\/p>\nStandardization and analysis<\/h4>\n
The team standardized scene and subframe labels, organized lexical units, checked consistency, and prepared the data for exploratory analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
What each record makes inspectable<\/h2>\n\n\nPassage context<\/p>\n
From pattern to Greek text<\/h3>\n
Each coded fragment is linked to its work and traditional paragraph numbering, allowing researchers to locate passages in standard editions and interpret them in context.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nMetaphor data<\/p>\n
Mappings and lexical evidence<\/h3>\n
Records expose source and target scenes, hierarchical scene paths, metaphor type, source and target lexical units, lemmata, and scene-internal subframes.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nScholarly transparency<\/p>\n
Notes and provenance<\/h3>\n
Coder notes and provenance remain visible so users can assess annotation decisions in context instead of relying only on abstract labels or aggregate counts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Quantitative overview<\/h2>\n\n\nFrequent targets<\/p>\n
Mind, reason, and mental states<\/h3>\n
The most frequent target scenes are MIND<\/code> (164), REASON<\/code> (120), BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code> (58), LEARNING<\/code> (56), and KNOWLEDGE<\/code> (51).<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nFrequent sources<\/p>\n
Container, disease, and formation<\/h3>\n
The most frequent source scenes are CONTAINER<\/code> (97), DISEASE<\/code> (70), MOULDING<\/code> (56), GOVERNANCE<\/code> (51), and LIGHT<\/code> (50).<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nCo-occurrence<\/p>\n
Recurring pairings<\/h3>\n
Common source-target pairings include CONTAINER → MIND<\/code>, DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>, and MOULDING → EDUCATION<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\nExploratory network analysis<\/h2>\n
The corpus can also be studied as a network in which scenes are nodes and annotated mappings are weighted edges. This makes it possible to identify conceptual hubs and communities of related metaphors. Initial analysis identifies six major communities, with MIND<\/code>, REASON<\/code>, CONTAINER<\/code>, DISEASE<\/code>, GOVERNANCE<\/code>, and MOULDING<\/code> functioning as important organizing nodes.<\/p>\nAccess and reuse<\/h2>\n\n\nWorks<\/p>\n
Work-first navigation<\/h3>\n
The Works module supports navigation by Plutarchan work, with work-level metadata, fragment counts, and stable links to specific fragments and metaphor records.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nMetaphor Explorer<\/p>\n
Scenes, filters, and passages<\/h3>\n
The Explorer lets users filter by source and target scenes, inspect distributions as tables and plots, and move directly from a pattern to its passages.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nLexical and catalogue search<\/p>\n
Forms, lemmata, and paths<\/h3>\n
Search supports coded lexical units, lemmata, subframes, metaphor type, scene paths, and glob-style patterns. Lemmatization and source evidence remain visible for philological checking.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
The dataset is also intended for machine-readable reuse. Quantitative views should be read as exploratory summaries: they improve transparency and help detect patterns, but interpretation still requires returning to the Greek passages and the annotation notes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Plutarch Observatory corpus is an annotated resource for studying metaphors of mind and cognition across Plutarch’s extant works. It links corpus-scale patterns to individual Greek passages, so researchers can move between distant reading, close reading, and historically sensitive interpretation. Corpus scope 112 works by Plutarch Covers both the Moralia and the Parallel Lives. Includes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":97,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions\/97"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Annotation inventory<\/p>\n
Scenes and subframes<\/h3>\n\n- 609 distinct source scenes and 381 distinct target scenes.<\/li>\n
- 1,174 source subframes and 382 target subframes.<\/li>\n
- 2,345 source lexical units and 985 target lexical units.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Source corpus and selection<\/h2>\n\n\nResearch corpus<\/p>\n
Moralia and Lives together<\/h3>\n
The project was designed around Plutarch’s Moralia<\/em> and Parallel Lives<\/em>, rather than treating these bodies of work separately. This allows metaphorical patterns of cognition to be compared across ethical, biographical, political, philosophical, and literary contexts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nAuthenticity<\/p>\n
Working boundaries<\/h3>\n
The grant description defines the core source material as the generally authentic writings of the Moralia<\/em> together with the extant paired and unpaired Lives<\/em>. Spurious and fragmentary works are not treated as the immediate basis for corpus construction.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nCurrent dataset<\/p>\n
Annotated records<\/h3>\n
The numbers on this page describe the current Observatory dataset: the passages, mappings, scenes, subframes, and lexical units that have been coded and standardized for exploration. They should not be confused with a claim that every line of the project source corpus contains a coded metaphor.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Annotation model<\/h2>\n\n\nLevel 1<\/p>\n
Scenes<\/h3>\n
Scenes capture broad source-target mappings, such as CONTAINER → MIND<\/code> or DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>. They make it possible to compare recurring metaphor families across works.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nLevel 2<\/p>\n
Subframes<\/h3>\n
Subframes preserve the fine-grained structure of a metaphor in context. For example, a governance scene may involve source-side elements such as ruler, laws, obedience, conflict, or civic disorder.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nUnit of analysis<\/p>\n
Paragraph-level segments<\/h3>\n
The corpus uses paragraph-level segments anchored in Plutarch’s standard reference system. This gives enough context for extended and layered metaphors without detaching them from their textual setting.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Annotation workflow<\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\nPhase 1<\/span><\/p>\nFramework and coding fields<\/h4>\n
The team refined the metaphor framework on selected passages and translated theoretical questions into concrete annotation fields.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhases 2-3<\/span><\/p>\nIterative validation<\/h4>\n
Pilot annotation used two roles: “thinkers”, who developed conceptual interpretations, and “coders”, who translated those interpretations into structured records. Disagreements helped refine criteria.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhase 4<\/span><\/p>\nLarge-scale annotation<\/h4>\n
Coders annotated the remaining corpus, segmented passages, recorded source and target scenes, and documented lexical evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhases 5-6<\/span><\/p>\nStandardization and analysis<\/h4>\n
The team standardized scene and subframe labels, organized lexical units, checked consistency, and prepared the data for exploratory analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
What each record makes inspectable<\/h2>\n\n\nPassage context<\/p>\n
From pattern to Greek text<\/h3>\n
Each coded fragment is linked to its work and traditional paragraph numbering, allowing researchers to locate passages in standard editions and interpret them in context.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nMetaphor data<\/p>\n
Mappings and lexical evidence<\/h3>\n
Records expose source and target scenes, hierarchical scene paths, metaphor type, source and target lexical units, lemmata, and scene-internal subframes.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nScholarly transparency<\/p>\n
Notes and provenance<\/h3>\n
Coder notes and provenance remain visible so users can assess annotation decisions in context instead of relying only on abstract labels or aggregate counts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Quantitative overview<\/h2>\n\n\nFrequent targets<\/p>\n
Mind, reason, and mental states<\/h3>\n
The most frequent target scenes are MIND<\/code> (164), REASON<\/code> (120), BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code> (58), LEARNING<\/code> (56), and KNOWLEDGE<\/code> (51).<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nFrequent sources<\/p>\n
Container, disease, and formation<\/h3>\n
The most frequent source scenes are CONTAINER<\/code> (97), DISEASE<\/code> (70), MOULDING<\/code> (56), GOVERNANCE<\/code> (51), and LIGHT<\/code> (50).<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nCo-occurrence<\/p>\n
Recurring pairings<\/h3>\n
Common source-target pairings include CONTAINER → MIND<\/code>, DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>, and MOULDING → EDUCATION<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\nExploratory network analysis<\/h2>\n
The corpus can also be studied as a network in which scenes are nodes and annotated mappings are weighted edges. This makes it possible to identify conceptual hubs and communities of related metaphors. Initial analysis identifies six major communities, with MIND<\/code>, REASON<\/code>, CONTAINER<\/code>, DISEASE<\/code>, GOVERNANCE<\/code>, and MOULDING<\/code> functioning as important organizing nodes.<\/p>\nAccess and reuse<\/h2>\n\n\nWorks<\/p>\n
Work-first navigation<\/h3>\n
The Works module supports navigation by Plutarchan work, with work-level metadata, fragment counts, and stable links to specific fragments and metaphor records.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nMetaphor Explorer<\/p>\n
Scenes, filters, and passages<\/h3>\n
The Explorer lets users filter by source and target scenes, inspect distributions as tables and plots, and move directly from a pattern to its passages.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nLexical and catalogue search<\/p>\n
Forms, lemmata, and paths<\/h3>\n
Search supports coded lexical units, lemmata, subframes, metaphor type, scene paths, and glob-style patterns. Lemmatization and source evidence remain visible for philological checking.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
The dataset is also intended for machine-readable reuse. Quantitative views should be read as exploratory summaries: they improve transparency and help detect patterns, but interpretation still requires returning to the Greek passages and the annotation notes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Plutarch Observatory corpus is an annotated resource for studying metaphors of mind and cognition across Plutarch’s extant works. It links corpus-scale patterns to individual Greek passages, so researchers can move between distant reading, close reading, and historically sensitive interpretation. Corpus scope 112 works by Plutarch Covers both the Moralia and the Parallel Lives. Includes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":97,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions\/97"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Source corpus and selection<\/h2>\n\n\nResearch corpus<\/p>\n
Moralia and Lives together<\/h3>\n
The project was designed around Plutarch’s Moralia<\/em> and Parallel Lives<\/em>, rather than treating these bodies of work separately. This allows metaphorical patterns of cognition to be compared across ethical, biographical, political, philosophical, and literary contexts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nAuthenticity<\/p>\n
Working boundaries<\/h3>\n
The grant description defines the core source material as the generally authentic writings of the Moralia<\/em> together with the extant paired and unpaired Lives<\/em>. Spurious and fragmentary works are not treated as the immediate basis for corpus construction.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nCurrent dataset<\/p>\n
Annotated records<\/h3>\n
The numbers on this page describe the current Observatory dataset: the passages, mappings, scenes, subframes, and lexical units that have been coded and standardized for exploration. They should not be confused with a claim that every line of the project source corpus contains a coded metaphor.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Annotation model<\/h2>\n\n\nLevel 1<\/p>\n
Scenes<\/h3>\n
Scenes capture broad source-target mappings, such as CONTAINER → MIND<\/code> or DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>. They make it possible to compare recurring metaphor families across works.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nLevel 2<\/p>\n
Subframes<\/h3>\n
Subframes preserve the fine-grained structure of a metaphor in context. For example, a governance scene may involve source-side elements such as ruler, laws, obedience, conflict, or civic disorder.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nUnit of analysis<\/p>\n
Paragraph-level segments<\/h3>\n
The corpus uses paragraph-level segments anchored in Plutarch’s standard reference system. This gives enough context for extended and layered metaphors without detaching them from their textual setting.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Annotation workflow<\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\nPhase 1<\/span><\/p>\nFramework and coding fields<\/h4>\n
The team refined the metaphor framework on selected passages and translated theoretical questions into concrete annotation fields.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhases 2-3<\/span><\/p>\nIterative validation<\/h4>\n
Pilot annotation used two roles: “thinkers”, who developed conceptual interpretations, and “coders”, who translated those interpretations into structured records. Disagreements helped refine criteria.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhase 4<\/span><\/p>\nLarge-scale annotation<\/h4>\n
Coders annotated the remaining corpus, segmented passages, recorded source and target scenes, and documented lexical evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\nPhases 5-6<\/span><\/p>\nStandardization and analysis<\/h4>\n
The team standardized scene and subframe labels, organized lexical units, checked consistency, and prepared the data for exploratory analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
What each record makes inspectable<\/h2>\n\n\nPassage context<\/p>\n
From pattern to Greek text<\/h3>\n
Each coded fragment is linked to its work and traditional paragraph numbering, allowing researchers to locate passages in standard editions and interpret them in context.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nMetaphor data<\/p>\n
Mappings and lexical evidence<\/h3>\n
Records expose source and target scenes, hierarchical scene paths, metaphor type, source and target lexical units, lemmata, and scene-internal subframes.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nScholarly transparency<\/p>\n
Notes and provenance<\/h3>\n
Coder notes and provenance remain visible so users can assess annotation decisions in context instead of relying only on abstract labels or aggregate counts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
Quantitative overview<\/h2>\n\n\nFrequent targets<\/p>\n
Mind, reason, and mental states<\/h3>\n
The most frequent target scenes are MIND<\/code> (164), REASON<\/code> (120), BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code> (58), LEARNING<\/code> (56), and KNOWLEDGE<\/code> (51).<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nFrequent sources<\/p>\n
Container, disease, and formation<\/h3>\n
The most frequent source scenes are CONTAINER<\/code> (97), DISEASE<\/code> (70), MOULDING<\/code> (56), GOVERNANCE<\/code> (51), and LIGHT<\/code> (50).<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nCo-occurrence<\/p>\n
Recurring pairings<\/h3>\n
Common source-target pairings include CONTAINER → MIND<\/code>, DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>, and MOULDING → EDUCATION<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\nExploratory network analysis<\/h2>\n
The corpus can also be studied as a network in which scenes are nodes and annotated mappings are weighted edges. This makes it possible to identify conceptual hubs and communities of related metaphors. Initial analysis identifies six major communities, with MIND<\/code>, REASON<\/code>, CONTAINER<\/code>, DISEASE<\/code>, GOVERNANCE<\/code>, and MOULDING<\/code> functioning as important organizing nodes.<\/p>\nAccess and reuse<\/h2>\n\n\nWorks<\/p>\n
Work-first navigation<\/h3>\n
The Works module supports navigation by Plutarchan work, with work-level metadata, fragment counts, and stable links to specific fragments and metaphor records.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nMetaphor Explorer<\/p>\n
Scenes, filters, and passages<\/h3>\n
The Explorer lets users filter by source and target scenes, inspect distributions as tables and plots, and move directly from a pattern to its passages.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n\nLexical and catalogue search<\/p>\n
Forms, lemmata, and paths<\/h3>\n
Search supports coded lexical units, lemmata, subframes, metaphor type, scene paths, and glob-style patterns. Lemmatization and source evidence remain visible for philological checking.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
The dataset is also intended for machine-readable reuse. Quantitative views should be read as exploratory summaries: they improve transparency and help detect patterns, but interpretation still requires returning to the Greek passages and the annotation notes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Plutarch Observatory corpus is an annotated resource for studying metaphors of mind and cognition across Plutarch’s extant works. It links corpus-scale patterns to individual Greek passages, so researchers can move between distant reading, close reading, and historically sensitive interpretation. Corpus scope 112 works by Plutarch Covers both the Moralia and the Parallel Lives. Includes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":97,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions\/97"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Research corpus<\/p>\n
Moralia and Lives together<\/h3>\n
The project was designed around Plutarch’s Moralia<\/em> and Parallel Lives<\/em>, rather than treating these bodies of work separately. This allows metaphorical patterns of cognition to be compared across ethical, biographical, political, philosophical, and literary contexts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n Authenticity<\/p>\n The grant description defines the core source material as the generally authentic writings of the Moralia<\/em> together with the extant paired and unpaired Lives<\/em>. Spurious and fragmentary works are not treated as the immediate basis for corpus construction.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n Current dataset<\/p>\n The numbers on this page describe the current Observatory dataset: the passages, mappings, scenes, subframes, and lexical units that have been coded and standardized for exploration. They should not be confused with a claim that every line of the project source corpus contains a coded metaphor.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n Level 1<\/p>\n Scenes capture broad source-target mappings, such as Level 2<\/p>\n Subframes preserve the fine-grained structure of a metaphor in context. For example, a governance scene may involve source-side elements such as ruler, laws, obedience, conflict, or civic disorder.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n Unit of analysis<\/p>\n The corpus uses paragraph-level segments anchored in Plutarch’s standard reference system. This gives enough context for extended and layered metaphors without detaching them from their textual setting.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n The team refined the metaphor framework on selected passages and translated theoretical questions into concrete annotation fields.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Pilot annotation used two roles: “thinkers”, who developed conceptual interpretations, and “coders”, who translated those interpretations into structured records. Disagreements helped refine criteria.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Coders annotated the remaining corpus, segmented passages, recorded source and target scenes, and documented lexical evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n The team standardized scene and subframe labels, organized lexical units, checked consistency, and prepared the data for exploratory analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n Passage context<\/p>\n Each coded fragment is linked to its work and traditional paragraph numbering, allowing researchers to locate passages in standard editions and interpret them in context.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n Metaphor data<\/p>\n Records expose source and target scenes, hierarchical scene paths, metaphor type, source and target lexical units, lemmata, and scene-internal subframes.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n Scholarly transparency<\/p>\n Coder notes and provenance remain visible so users can assess annotation decisions in context instead of relying only on abstract labels or aggregate counts.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n Frequent targets<\/p>\n The most frequent target scenes are Frequent sources<\/p>\n The most frequent source scenes are Co-occurrence<\/p>\n Common source-target pairings include The corpus can also be studied as a network in which scenes are nodes and annotated mappings are weighted edges. This makes it possible to identify conceptual hubs and communities of related metaphors. Initial analysis identifies six major communities, with Works<\/p>\n The Works module supports navigation by Plutarchan work, with work-level metadata, fragment counts, and stable links to specific fragments and metaphor records.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n Metaphor Explorer<\/p>\n The Explorer lets users filter by source and target scenes, inspect distributions as tables and plots, and move directly from a pattern to its passages.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n Lexical and catalogue search<\/p>\n Search supports coded lexical units, lemmata, subframes, metaphor type, scene paths, and glob-style patterns. Lemmatization and source evidence remain visible for philological checking.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n The dataset is also intended for machine-readable reuse. Quantitative views should be read as exploratory summaries: they improve transparency and help detect patterns, but interpretation still requires returning to the Greek passages and the annotation notes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The Plutarch Observatory corpus is an annotated resource for studying metaphors of mind and cognition across Plutarch’s extant works. It links corpus-scale patterns to individual Greek passages, so researchers can move between distant reading, close reading, and historically sensitive interpretation. Corpus scope 112 works by Plutarch Covers both the Moralia and the Parallel Lives. Includes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":97,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions\/97"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Working boundaries<\/h3>\n
Annotated records<\/h3>\n
Annotation model<\/h2>\n
Scenes<\/h3>\n
CONTAINER → MIND<\/code> or DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>. They make it possible to compare recurring metaphor families across works.<\/p>\n<\/article>\nSubframes<\/h3>\n
Paragraph-level segments<\/h3>\n
Annotation workflow<\/h2>\n
Framework and coding fields<\/h4>\n
Iterative validation<\/h4>\n
Large-scale annotation<\/h4>\n
Standardization and analysis<\/h4>\n
What each record makes inspectable<\/h2>\n
From pattern to Greek text<\/h3>\n
Mappings and lexical evidence<\/h3>\n
Notes and provenance<\/h3>\n
Quantitative overview<\/h2>\n
Mind, reason, and mental states<\/h3>\n
MIND<\/code> (164), REASON<\/code> (120), BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code> (58), LEARNING<\/code> (56), and KNOWLEDGE<\/code> (51).<\/p>\n<\/article>\nContainer, disease, and formation<\/h3>\n
CONTAINER<\/code> (97), DISEASE<\/code> (70), MOULDING<\/code> (56), GOVERNANCE<\/code> (51), and LIGHT<\/code> (50).<\/p>\n<\/article>\nRecurring pairings<\/h3>\n
CONTAINER → MIND<\/code>, DISEASE → BAD_STATE_OF_THE_MIND<\/code>, and MOULDING → EDUCATION<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\nExploratory network analysis<\/h2>\n
MIND<\/code>, REASON<\/code>, CONTAINER<\/code>, DISEASE<\/code>, GOVERNANCE<\/code>, and MOULDING<\/code> functioning as important organizing nodes.<\/p>\nAccess and reuse<\/h2>\n
Work-first navigation<\/h3>\n
Scenes, filters, and passages<\/h3>\n
Forms, lemmata, and paths<\/h3>\n