{"id":6,"date":"2025-11-14T20:51:09","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T20:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/?page_id=6"},"modified":"2026-05-21T21:39:57","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T21:39:57","slug":"overview","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/","title":{"rendered":"Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"page-intro\">The Plutarch Observatory is an interactive research infrastructure for studying metaphors of mind and cognition across Plutarch&#8217;s extant works. It combines philological annotation, conceptual metaphor theory, and corpus analysis in order to ask how Greek intellectual culture of the early Roman imperial period imagined thinking, knowing, learning, remembering, and error.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hero-stats\">\n<div class=\"hero-stat-card\">\n<p class=\"hero-stat-value\">112<\/p>\n<p class=\"hero-stat-label\">works analyzed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hero-stat-card\">\n<p class=\"hero-stat-value\">1,469<\/p>\n<p class=\"hero-stat-label\">annotated fragments<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hero-stat-card\">\n<p class=\"hero-stat-value\">1,787<\/p>\n<p class=\"hero-stat-label\">metaphorical mappings<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hero-stat-card\">\n<p class=\"hero-stat-value\">2<\/p>\n<p class=\"hero-stat-label\">corpus sections: Moralia and Lives<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hero-stat-card\">\n<p class=\"hero-stat-value\">6<\/p>\n<p class=\"hero-stat-label\">core team members<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hero-stat-card\">\n<p class=\"hero-stat-value\">2022-2027<\/p>\n<p class=\"hero-stat-label\">NCN Sonata Bis project<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"pmo-section-heading\">What the project asks<\/h2>\n<div class=\"pmo-card-grid\">\n<article class=\"pmo-card\">\n<p class=\"pmo-card-label\">Cognitive history<\/p>\n<h3>How was mind imagined?<\/h3>\n<p>The project asks how Plutarch and his intellectual world conceptualized mental life: reason, memory, knowledge, attention, learning, error, judgement, and related activities. These patterns are treated as evidence for historically situated models of mind, not merely as ornaments of style.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"pmo-card\">\n<p class=\"pmo-card-label\">Folk epistemology<\/p>\n<h3>What counts as knowing?<\/h3>\n<p>Metaphors of cognition help reconstruct assumptions about who can know, how knowledge is acquired, how ignorance or false belief is pictured, and how mental activity relates to education, moral responsibility, family life, and political authority.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"pmo-card\">\n<p class=\"pmo-card-label\">Metaphor analysis<\/p>\n<h3>What conceptual patterns recur?<\/h3>\n<p>Instead of collecting striking examples only, the corpus records source-target mappings systematically, allowing researchers to compare recurrent metaphor families with rare, creative, or text-specific images.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"pmo-card\">\n<p class=\"pmo-card-label\">Philology and data<\/p>\n<h3>How can close reading scale?<\/h3>\n<p>The Observatory is designed to keep quantitative analysis tied to textual evidence. Counts, filters, and network views lead back to Greek passages, annotation notes, and interpretive decisions.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"pmo-section-heading\">Why Plutarch?<\/h2>\n<section class=\"overview-details\">\n<ul>\n<li>Plutarch&#8217;s corpus is large and thematically diverse, spanning ethics, politics, religion, history, medicine, literature, language, education, and self-formation.<\/li>\n<li>His writing belongs to the early Roman imperial period, a crucial moment for Greek intellectual culture under Roman rule.<\/li>\n<li>Because Plutarch&#8217;s prose is essayistic and rich in imagery, it offers unusually good material for studying metaphorical reasoning in use.<\/li>\n<li>Working with one author across a wide range of genres gives the project a coherent but varied field for reconstructing a broad mental landscape.<\/li>\n<li>His later influence makes his conceptual vocabulary important for the history of Western reflections on mind, character, education, and knowledge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2 class=\"pmo-section-heading\">What the Observatory lets you do<\/h2>\n<div class=\"pmo-card-grid\">\n<article class=\"pmo-card\">\n<p class=\"pmo-card-label\">Inspect passages<\/p>\n<h3>From pattern to Greek text<\/h3>\n<p>Move from a conceptual query, such as <code>CONTAINER &rarr; MIND<\/code>, to the exact Plutarchan fragments that instantiate it.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"pmo-card\">\n<p class=\"pmo-card-label\">Compare mappings<\/p>\n<h3>Scenes and subframes<\/h3>\n<p>Explore source and target scenes, hierarchical paths, subframes, metaphor types, lexical units, lemmata, coder notes, and provenance.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"pmo-card\">\n<p class=\"pmo-card-label\">Build arguments<\/p>\n<h3>Evidence for cognitive history<\/h3>\n<p>Use the data to ask which source domains shape particular categories of thinking, which patterns are shared across works, and where Plutarch&#8217;s metaphorical language becomes unusually dense or original.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"pmo-card\">\n<p class=\"pmo-card-label\">Use the data<\/p>\n<h3>Human-readable and reusable<\/h3>\n<p>The corpus supports work-first browsing, metaphor filtering, lexical search, catalogue queries, visual summaries, and machine-readable reuse once release policy is finalized.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"quick-links\">\n<article class=\"feature-card\">\n<div class=\"feature-body\">\n<p class=\"feature-label\">Concept and aims<\/p>\n<h3>Project<\/h3>\n<p>Read about the research question, Plutarch&#8217;s importance, folk epistemology, and the theoretical background.<\/p>\n<footer><a class=\"btn btn-outline\" href=\"\/?page_id=7\">Read more<\/a><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"feature-card\">\n<div class=\"feature-body\">\n<p class=\"feature-label\">Corpus and method<\/p>\n<h3>Corpus &amp; Data<\/h3>\n<p>See the corpus scope, annotation model, workflow, and quantitative overview.<\/p>\n<footer><a class=\"btn btn-outline\" href=\"\/?page_id=8\">Explore corpus<\/a><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"feature-card\">\n<div class=\"feature-body\">\n<p class=\"feature-label\">People<\/p>\n<h3>Team &amp; Collaborators<\/h3>\n<p>Meet the classicists and philosophers building the Observatory.<\/p>\n<footer><a class=\"btn btn-outline\" href=\"\/?page_id=9\">Meet the team<\/a><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"feature-card\">\n<div class=\"feature-body\">\n<p class=\"feature-label\">Research outputs<\/p>\n<h3>Outputs<\/h3>\n<p>Find publications, presentations, workshops, and project outputs.<\/p>\n<footer><a class=\"btn btn-outline\" href=\"\/?page_id=10\">See outputs<\/a><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"feature-card\">\n<div class=\"feature-body\">\n<p class=\"feature-label\">Background<\/p>\n<h3>Resources<\/h3>\n<p>Find concepts, reading paths, source notes, and guidance for understanding the Observatory.<\/p>\n<footer><a class=\"btn btn-outline\" href=\"\/?page_id=11\">Explore resources<\/a><\/footer>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"small muted\">Funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, Sonata Bis grant 2021\/42\/E\/HS3\/00259. Hosted by the Faculty of History, University of Warsaw.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Plutarch Observatory is an interactive research infrastructure for studying metaphors of mind and cognition across Plutarch&#8217;s extant works. It combines philological annotation, conceptual metaphor theory, and corpus analysis in order to ask how Greek intellectual culture of the early Roman imperial period imagined thinking, knowing, learning, remembering, and error. 112 works analyzed 1,469 annotated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":95,"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions\/95"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plutarch.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}